Complex atoms in astrophysical spectra

S. Johansson; C. R. Cowley

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.5.002264

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 5,
Issue 10,
pp. 2264-2279
(1988)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.5.002264

Complex atoms in astrophysical spectra

S. Johansson and C. R. Cowley

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S. Johansson and C. R. Cowley, "Complex atoms in astrophysical spectra," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 5, 2264-2279 (1988)

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Abstract

We review the spectroscopic work on atomic lines and energy levels in neutral and singly and doubly ionized iron-group elements during the past 35 years. We have graded the completeness of the analysis of these spectra and compared them with the data included in the multiplet tables of Moore [ Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Circ. 488 ( 1962); Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. Natl. Bur. Stand. 40 ( 1972)]. Specific comments are given on each spectrum. We discuss new demands for atomic data resulting from high-resolution spectroscopy of peculiar stars and observations from above the Earth’s atmosphere. The atomic data that have become available since Moore’s compilations are referred to here as second-generation spectra.

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Group	Transition Arrays	Wavelength Region^b		State of Analysis^c		Presence in Multiplet Tables^c		Excitation Potential (eV) SE, DE

		SE	DE	SE	DE	SE	DE
Sc i 3d4s^{2 2}D	AEL-S: 335 levels	AEL-M: 133 levels^d
Ia	4s–4p	opt2	opt1	A	A	A	A	1–3, 0
Ib	3d–4p	IR	IR	A	A	B	A	4–5, 1–3
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	D	A	—	D	4–5, 1–3
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt2	D	A	—	A	4–5, 2–3
III	5s–5p
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>5, >4
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>5, >5
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>5, >5
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d		IR	—	D	—	—	—, >4
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s		opt1	—	D	—	—	—, 2–3
	4p–5d, 6d		opt1	—	D	—	—	—, 2–3
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV3	UV3	C	A	—	—	1–3, 0
b	3d–5p	IR	opt1	C	A	—	—	4–5, 1–3
Ti i 3d²4s^{2 3}F	AEL-S: 439 levels	AEL-M: 374 levels^e
Ia	4s–4p	opt2	opt1	A	B	A	B	1–3, 0–2
Ib	3d–4p	opt3, IR	opt, IR	B	A	B	A	4–5, 1–3
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	D	C	D	C	>3, >2
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt2	C	B	C	C	>3, >2
III	5s–5p	IR	IR	C	C	—	—	>5, >4
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	IR	IR	C	C	—	—	>5, >4
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>5, >5
	6s–6p, 5d=6p	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>5, >5
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d			—	—	—	—
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s		opt1	—	D	—	—	>2
	4p–5d, 6d		opt1	—	D	—	—	>2
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV3	UV3	C	C	—	—	1–3, 0–2
b	3d–5p	opt2	UV3, opt1	C	C	—	—	4–5, 1–3
V i 3d³4s^{2 4}F	AEL-S: 469 levels	AEL-M: 508 levels^f
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	opt1	B	B	B	B	0–3, 0–2
Ib	3d–4p	opt, IR	opt	C	B	—	B	2–5, 0–3
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	D	C	D	C	3–6, 2–6
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt2	C	C	—	C	3–6, 2–6
III	5s–5p
	5p–6s, 5p–5d			—	—	—	—
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p
	6s–6p, 5d–6p			—	—	—	—
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d			—	—	—	—
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s		opt1	—	D	—	—	—, >2
	4p–5d, 6d		opt1	—	D	—	—	—, >2
VIIIa	4s–5p			—	—	—	—
b	3d–5p			—	—	—	—
Cr i 3d⁵4s⁷S	AEL-S: 598 levels	AEL-M: 520 levels^g
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	opt1	B	B	B	B	0–5, 1–4
Ib	3d–4p	IR	opt, IR	C	B	C	B	4, 0–5
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	C	D	C	D	>3, >3
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt2	C	C	C	C	>3, >3
III	5s–5p	opt3	opt2	C	D	—	—	>4, >6
	5p–6s, 5p–5d
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p	IR	IR	C	D	—	—	>5, 7
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR	IR	C	D	—	—	>5, 7
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt3		D	—	—	—	>4
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	opt1		C	—	C	—	3
	4p–5d, 6d	opt1		C	—	C	—	3
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		C	—	C	—	0
b	3d–5p	IR		C	—	C	—	4
Mn i 3d⁵4s^{2 5}D	AEL-S: 523 levels	AEL-M: 368 levels^h
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	UV3	B	C	B	C	2–5, 0–5
Ib	3d–4p	IR	opt, IR	D	B		B	6, 2–5
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	D	C	—	C	>5, >2
IIb	4p–5s	opt2	opt1, 2	C	C	—	C	>5, >2
III	5s–5p		IR	—	C	—	—	—, >5
	5p–6s, 5p–5d		IR	—	C	—	—	—, >5
IV	4d–4f		IR	—	C	—	—	—, >6
V	4d–5p		IR	—	C	—	—	—, >6
	6s–6p, 5d–6p		IR	—	C	—	—	—, >6
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d		opt3, IR	—	C	—	—	—, >5
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s		opt1	—	C	—	—	—, >2
	4p–5d, 6d		opt1	—	C	—	—	—, >2
VIIIa	4s–5p		UV2	—	C	—	—	0–5
b	3d–5p		opt1	—	C	—	—	2–5
Fe i 3d⁶4s^{2 5}D	AEL-S: 491 levels	AEL-M: 467 levelsⁱ
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	UV3	A	C	A	C	1–5, 0–4
Ib	3d–4p	opt–IR	UV3–IR	B	B	B	B	4–5, 1–5
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	C	C	C	C	>4, >2
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt1, 2	C	C	C	C	>4, >2
III	5s–5p	IR	IR	C	D	—	—	>6, >5
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	IR	IR	C	D	—	—	>6, >5
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>6, >6
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>6, >6
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d		IR	—	D	—	—	—, >5
	4d–5d
VII	4p–6s, 7s		UV2		D	—	—	—, 4
	4p–5d, 6d		UV2		D	—	—	—, 4
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2	UV2	C	C	—	—	1, 0
b	3d–5p	opt2	UV2	C	C	—	—	4, 1
Co i 3d⁷4s^{2 4}F	AEL-S: 322 levels	AEL-M: 327 levels^j
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	UV3	A	C	A	C	0–3, 0–3
Ib	3d–4p	opt–IR	UV3–IR	A	B	A	B	3, 0–3
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	C	C	C	C	>4, >3
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt1	C	C	C	C	>4, >3
III	5s–5p
	5p–6s, 5p–5d			—	—	—	—	—
IV	4d–4f
V	4d–5p
	6s–6p, 5d–6p			—	—	—	—	—
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p			—	—	—	—	—
	5p–7s, 5p–6d			—	—	—	—	—
	4d–5d
VII	4p–6s, 7s
	4p–5d, 6d			—	—	—	—	—
VIIIa	4s–5p			—	—	—	—	—
b	3d–5p			—	—	—	—	—
Ni i 3d⁸4s^{2 3}F	AEL-S: 186 levels	AEL-M: 187 levels^k
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	UV3	A	C	A	C	0, 0–6
Ib	3d–4p	opt2	opt1, 2	A	B	A	B	2, 0
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	A	C	A	C	3–4, >3
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt1	A	C	A	C	3–4, >3
III	5s–5p	IR		A	—	—	—	5
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	IR		A	—	—	—	5
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p	IR		D	—	—	—	6
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		D	—	—	—	6
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d			—	—	—	—
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	opt1	UV3	C	D	—	—	3–4, >3
	4p–5d, 6d	opt1	UV3	C	D	—	—	3–4, >3
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV3		—	—	—	—	0
b	3d–5p	UV2		—	—	—	—	2

Group	Transition Arrays	Wavelength Region		State of Analysis		Presence in Multiplet Tables		Excitation Potential (eV) SE,DE

		SE	DE	SE	DE	SE	DE
Sc ii 3d4s³D	AEL-S: 165 levels	AEL-M: 54 levels^b
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	UV3	A	A	A	A	0, 1
Ib	3d–4p	opt1, 2	UV3	A	A	A	A	1–3, 0
IIa	4p–4d	UV3, opt1	UV3	A	A	A	—	3–4, 5–7
IIb	4p–5s	opt1	UV3	A	A	A	—	3–4, 5–7
III	5s–5p	opt3		A	—	—	—	7–8
III	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		A	—	—	—	7–8
IV	4d–4f	opt3		A	—	—	—	7–8
V	4d–5p	IR		A	—	—	—	>7
V	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		A	—	—	—	>7
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt1, 2		D	—	—	—	>7
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		D	—	—	—	3–4
VII	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		D	—	—	—	3–4
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		A	—	—	—	0
b	3d–5p	UV2		A	—	—	—	0–3
Ti ii 3d²4s⁴F	AEL-S: 203 levels	AEL-M: 123 levels^c
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	UV3	A	A	A	—	0–4,3
Ib	3d–4p	UV3, opt1	UV2, 3	A	A	A	D	0–4, 0–4
IIa	4p–4d	UV3		C	—	C	—	4–8, >6
IIb	4p–5s	opt1		C	—	C	—	4–8, >6
III	5s–5p	opt3		C	—	—	—	>8
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		C	—	—	—	>8
IV	4d–4f	opt2, 3		C	—	—	—	>8
V	4d–5p	IR		D	—	—	—	>8
	6s–6p,5d–6p	IR		D	—	—	—	>8
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d			—	—	—	—	>8
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		D	—	—	—	4, >6
	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		D	—	—	—	4, >6
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	0, 3
b	3d–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	0–4, 0–4
V ii 3d^{4 5}D	AEL-S: 323 levels	AEL-M: 221 1evels^d
Ia	4s–4p	UV3, opt1		A	—	A	—	0–6, >5
Ib	3d–4p	UV–IR	UV2	A	C	A	C	0–6, 0–6
IIa	4p–4d	UV3		C	—	D	—	4–10, >8
IIb	4p–5s	opt1		B	—	—	—	4–10, >8
III	5s–5p
	5p–6s, 5p–5d			—	—	—	—	>8
IV	4d–4f	opt2		C	—	—	—	>9
V	4d–5p	opt2		C	—	—	—	>9
	6s–6p, 5d–6p			—	—	—	—	>9
VI	5s–6p,4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–5d			—	—	—	—	>8
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s
	4p–5d, 6d			—	—	—	—	4–10
VIIIa	4s–5p			—	—	—	—	0, 5
b	3d–5p			—	—	—	—	0–6, 0–6
Cr ii 3d^{5 6}S	AEL-S: 733 levels	AEL-M: 2771evels^e
Ia	4s–4p	UV3, opt1	UV2	A	B	A	—	1–8, >7
Ib	3d–4p	UV to IR	UV2	A	B	A	—	0–6, 1–8
IIa	4p–4d	UV2		B	—	C	—	>6
IIb	4p–5s	UV2		B	—	C	—	>6
III	5s–5p	opt3		C	—	—	—	>10
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		C	—	—	—	>10
IV	4d–4f	opt2		C	—	—	—	M1
V	4d–5p	IR		C	—	—	—	>11
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		C	—	—	—	>11
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt1		C	—	—	—	>10
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		C	—	—	—	>6
	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		C	—	—	—	>6
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	1, 7
b	3d–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	0–6, 1–8
Mn ii 3d⁵4s⁷S	AEL-S: 510 levels	AEL-M: 302 levels^f
Ia	4s–4p	UV3	UV2	A	C	B	C	0–9, >7
Ib	3d–4p	UV–IR	UV2	A	B	A	B	2–7, 0–9
IIa	4p–4d	UV3		B	—	B	—	>4
IIb	4p–5s	UV3		B	—	B	—	>4
III	5s–5p	opt3		B	—	—	—	>9
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		B	—	—	—	>9
IV	4d–4f	opt2		C	—	C	—	>9
V	4d–5p	IR		B	—	—	—	>9
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		B	—	—	—	>9
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt1		C	—	D	—	>9
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		C	—	C	—	>4
	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		C	—	C	—	>4
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		B	—	C	—	0
b	3d–5p	UV2		C	—	C	—	0–4
Fe ii 3d⁶4s⁶D	AEL-S: 576 levels	AEL-M: 348 levels^g
Ia	4s–4p	UV3	UV2	A	B	A	C	0–7, 3–10
Ib	3d–4p	UV–IR	UV1, 2	A	B	A	D	0–6, 0–7
IIa	4p–4d	UV3	UV2	B	D	C	—	>5, >6
IIb	4p–5s	UV3	UV2	B	D	B	—	>5, >6
III	5s–5p	opt3		B	—	—	—	>10
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		B	—	—	—	>10
IV	4d–4f	opt2		C	—	—	—	>10
V	4d–5p	IR		B	—	—	—	>10
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		B	—	—	—	>10
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt1		D	—	—	—	>10
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		C	—	—	—	>5
	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		C	—	—	—	>5
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		B	—	—	—	0–7
b	3d–5p	UV2		B	—	—	—	0–6
Co ii 3d^{8 3}F	AEL-S: 256 levels	AEL-M: 84 levels^h
Ia	4s–4p	UV3		A	—	B	—	0–4
Ib	3d–4p	UV3	UV2	A	D	D	D	0–2, 0–4
IIa	4p–4d	UV2		C		—	—	6–11
IIb	4p–5s	UV2		B		D	—	6–11
III	5s–5p	opt3		C	—	—	—	>10
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		C	—	—	—	>10
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—	>11
V	4d–5p	IR		D	—	—	—	>10
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		D	—	—	—	>10
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt1		D	—	—	—	>10
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		D	—	—	—	>6
	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		D	—	—	—	>6
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	0–4
b	3d–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	0–2
Ni ii 3d^{9 2}D	AEL-S: 698 levels	AEL-M: 66 levelsⁱ
Ia	4s–4p	UV3	UV2	A	B	A	—	1–4, 6–11
Ib	3d–4p	UV2	UV1, 2	A	B	A	—	0,1–4
IIa	4p–4d	UV3		A	—	—	—	6–9
IIb	4p–5s	UV3		A	—	C	—	6–9
III	5s–5p	opt3		A	—	—	—	>11
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		A	—	—	—	>11
IV	4d–4f	opt2		A	—	—	—	>12
V	4d–5p	IR		C	—	—	—	>12
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		C	—	—	—	>12
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt1		C	—	—	—	>11
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		C	—	—	—	6–9
	4p–5d,6d	UV2		C	—	—	—	6–9
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	1–4
b	3d–5p	UV1		C	—	—	—	0

Group	Transition Arrays	Wavelength Region		State of Analysis		Presence in Multiplet Tables		Excitation Potential (eV) SE, DE

		SE	DE	SE	DE	SE	DE
Sc iii 3d²D	AEL-S: 34 levels	AEL-M: 9 levels^b
Ia	4s–4p	UV3		A		A		3
Ib	3d–4p	UV2		A		A		0
IIa	4p–4d	UV2, 3		A		A		8
IIb	4p–5s	UV2		A		A		8
III	5s–5p	opt2, IR1		A		—		14–16
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt2, IR1		A		—		14–16
IV	4d–4f	opt1		A		A		14
V	4d–5p	opt, IR		A		—		>14
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	opt, IR		A		—		>14
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	UV		A		—		>14
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV1, 2		A		—		8
	4p–5d, 6d	UV1, 2		A		—		8
VIIIa	4s–5p, 6p	UV1		A		—		3
b	3d–5p, 6p	UV1		A		—		0
Ti iii 3d^{2 3}F	AEL-S: 179 levels	AEL-M: 40 levels^c
Ia	4s–4p	UV3	UV2	A	A	A	—	5, 13
Ib	3d–4p	UV2, 3	UV2	A	A	D	—	0–4, 5
IIa	4p–4d	UV2, 3		A	—	—	—	10
IIb	4p–5s	UV2		A	—	—	—	10
III	5s–5p	opt		A	—	—	—	17
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt		A	—	—	—	17
IV	4d–4f	opt1		A	—	—	—	16–17
V	4d–5p	opt2		D	—	—	—	>16
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	opt2		D	—	—	—	>16
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	UV3		D	—	—	—	>16
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		D	—	—	—	10
	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		D	—	—	—	10
VIIIa	4s–5p, 6p	UV1		D	—	—	—	5
b	3d–5p,6p	UV1		D	—	—	—	0–4
V iii 3d^{3 4}F	AEL-S: 299 levels	AEL-M: 43 levels^d
Ia	4s–4p	UV3		A	—	C	—	5–11
Ib	3d–4p	UV2, 3	UV1	A	D	D	—	0–5, 5–11
IIa	4p–4d	UV2		A	—	—	—	>11
IIb	4p–5s	UV2		A	—	—	—	>11
III	5s–5p	opt		B	—	—	—	>18
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt		B	—	—	—	>18
IV	4d–4f	opt1		C	—	—	—	>17
V	4d–5p	opt2		D	—	—	—	>17
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	opt2		D	—	—	—	>17
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	UV2, 3		D	—	—	—	>17
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		D	—	—	—	>11
	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		D	—	—	—	>11
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV1		A	—	—	—	>5
b	3d–5p	UV1		A	—	—	—	0–5
Cr iii 3d^{4 5}D	AEL-S: 214 levels	AEL-M: 163 levels^e
Ia	4s–4p	UV3		A	—	B	—	6–13
lb	3d–4p	UV1, 2	UV1	A	D	B	—	0–8, >6
IIa	4p–4d	UV2		D	—	D	—	11–19
IIb	4p–5s	UV2		C	—	D	—	11–19
III	5s–5p
	5p–6s, 5p–5d			—	—	—	—
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p
	6s–6p, 5d–6p			—	—	—	—
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d			—	—	—	—
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s
	4p–5d, 6d			—	—	—	—
VIIIa	4s–5p			—	—	—	—
b	3d–5p			—	—	—	—
Mn iii 3d^{5 6}S	AEL-S: 392 levels	AEL-S: 67 levels^f
Ia	4s–4p	UV3		A	—	C	—	8–15
Ib	3d–4p	UV1, 2, 3		A	—	B	—	0–11
Ha	4p–4d	UV2		B	—	D	—	>13
IIb	4p–5s	UV2		C	—	D	—	>13
III	5s–5p	opt		C	—	—	—	>22
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt		C	—	—	—	>22
IV	4d–4f	opt1		D	—	—	—	>21
V	4d–5p	opt2		D	—	—	—	>21
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	opt2		D	—	—	—	>21
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5d–6d	UV2		D	—	—	—	>21
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV1		D	—	—	—	>13
	4p–5d, 6d	UV1		D	—	—	—	>13
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV1		C	—	—	—	8
b	3d–5p	UV1		C	—	—	—	0–11
Fe iii 3d^{6 5}D	AEL-S: 554 levels	AEL-M: 325 levels^g
Ia	4s–4p	UV2, 3		A	—	A	—	4–15
Ib	3d–4p	UV1, 2	UV1	A	D	A	—	0–7, >4
Ha	4p–4d	UV2		B	—	C	—	>10
IIb	4p–5s	UV2		B	—	C	—	>10
III	5s–5p	opt2		B	—	—	—	>18
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt2		B	—	—	—	>18
IV	4d–4f	opt3		C	—	D	—	>18
V	4d–5p	opt2, IR		B	—	—	—	>18
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	opt2, IR		B	—	—	—	>18
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	UV2, 3		C	—	—	—	>18
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV1		B	—	—	—	>10
	4p–5d, 6d	UV1		B	—	—	—	>10
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV1		B	—	—	—	>4
b	3d–5p	UV1		B	—	—	—	0–7
Co iii 3d^{7 4}F	AEL-S: 213 levels	AEL-M: 141 levels^h
Ia	4s–4p	UV2, 3		B	—	B	—	6–11
Ib	3d–4p	UV1, 2		B	—	B	—	0–5
Ha	4p–4d	UV2		D	—	—	—	>12
IIb	4p–5s	UV2		C	—	—	—	>12
III	5s–5p	—		—	—	—	—
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	—		—	—	—	—
IV	4d–4f	—		—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p	—		—	—	—	—
	6s–6p,5d–6p	—		—	—	—	—
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	—		—	—	—	—
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	—		—	—	—	—
	4p–5d, 6d	—		—	—	—	—
VIIIa	4s–5p	—		—	—	—	—
b	3d–5p	—		—	—	—	—
Ni iii 3d^{8 3}F	AEL-S: 344 levels	AEL-M: 69 levelsⁱ
Ia	4s–4p	UV2		A	—	B	—	7–13
Ib	3d–4p	UV1, 2	UV1	A	D	C	—	0–6, >7
IIa	4p–4d	UV2		C		—	—	>14
IIb	4p–5s	UV2		C		D	—	>14
III	5s–5p	opt		C	—	—	—	>23
III	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt		C	—	—	—	>23
IV	4d–4f	UV3		C	—	—	—	>23
V	4d–5p	opt		C	—	—	—	>23
V	6s–6p, 5d–6p	opt		C	—	—	—	>23
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d			—	—	—	—
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV1		D	—	—	—	>14
	4p–5d, 6d	UV1		D	—	—	—	>14
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV1		D	—	—	—	>7
b	3d–5p	UV1		D	—	—	—	0–6

Group	Transition Arrays	Wavelength Region^b		State of Analysis^c		Presence in Multiplet Tables^c		Excitation Potential (eV) SE, DE

		SE	DE	SE	DE	SE	DE
Sc i 3d4s^{2 2}D	AEL-S: 335 levels	AEL-M: 133 levels^d
Ia	4s–4p	opt2	opt1	A	A	A	A	1–3, 0
Ib	3d–4p	IR	IR	A	A	B	A	4–5, 1–3
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	D	A	—	D	4–5, 1–3
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt2	D	A	—	A	4–5, 2–3
III	5s–5p
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>5, >4
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>5, >5
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>5, >5
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d		IR	—	D	—	—	—, >4
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s		opt1	—	D	—	—	—, 2–3
	4p–5d, 6d		opt1	—	D	—	—	—, 2–3
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV3	UV3	C	A	—	—	1–3, 0
b	3d–5p	IR	opt1	C	A	—	—	4–5, 1–3
Ti i 3d²4s^{2 3}F	AEL-S: 439 levels	AEL-M: 374 levels^e
Ia	4s–4p	opt2	opt1	A	B	A	B	1–3, 0–2
Ib	3d–4p	opt3, IR	opt, IR	B	A	B	A	4–5, 1–3
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	D	C	D	C	>3, >2
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt2	C	B	C	C	>3, >2
III	5s–5p	IR	IR	C	C	—	—	>5, >4
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	IR	IR	C	C	—	—	>5, >4
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>5, >5
	6s–6p, 5d=6p	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>5, >5
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d			—	—	—	—
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s		opt1	—	D	—	—	>2
	4p–5d, 6d		opt1	—	D	—	—	>2
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV3	UV3	C	C	—	—	1–3, 0–2
b	3d–5p	opt2	UV3, opt1	C	C	—	—	4–5, 1–3
V i 3d³4s^{2 4}F	AEL-S: 469 levels	AEL-M: 508 levels^f
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	opt1	B	B	B	B	0–3, 0–2
Ib	3d–4p	opt, IR	opt	C	B	—	B	2–5, 0–3
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	D	C	D	C	3–6, 2–6
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt2	C	C	—	C	3–6, 2–6
III	5s–5p
	5p–6s, 5p–5d			—	—	—	—
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p
	6s–6p, 5d–6p			—	—	—	—
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d			—	—	—	—
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s		opt1	—	D	—	—	—, >2
	4p–5d, 6d		opt1	—	D	—	—	—, >2
VIIIa	4s–5p			—	—	—	—
b	3d–5p			—	—	—	—
Cr i 3d⁵4s⁷S	AEL-S: 598 levels	AEL-M: 520 levels^g
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	opt1	B	B	B	B	0–5, 1–4
Ib	3d–4p	IR	opt, IR	C	B	C	B	4, 0–5
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	C	D	C	D	>3, >3
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt2	C	C	C	C	>3, >3
III	5s–5p	opt3	opt2	C	D	—	—	>4, >6
	5p–6s, 5p–5d
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p	IR	IR	C	D	—	—	>5, 7
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR	IR	C	D	—	—	>5, 7
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt3		D	—	—	—	>4
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	opt1		C	—	C	—	3
	4p–5d, 6d	opt1		C	—	C	—	3
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		C	—	C	—	0
b	3d–5p	IR		C	—	C	—	4
Mn i 3d⁵4s^{2 5}D	AEL-S: 523 levels	AEL-M: 368 levels^h
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	UV3	B	C	B	C	2–5, 0–5
Ib	3d–4p	IR	opt, IR	D	B		B	6, 2–5
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	D	C	—	C	>5, >2
IIb	4p–5s	opt2	opt1, 2	C	C	—	C	>5, >2
III	5s–5p		IR	—	C	—	—	—, >5
	5p–6s, 5p–5d		IR	—	C	—	—	—, >5
IV	4d–4f		IR	—	C	—	—	—, >6
V	4d–5p		IR	—	C	—	—	—, >6
	6s–6p, 5d–6p		IR	—	C	—	—	—, >6
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d		opt3, IR	—	C	—	—	—, >5
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s		opt1	—	C	—	—	—, >2
	4p–5d, 6d		opt1	—	C	—	—	—, >2
VIIIa	4s–5p		UV2	—	C	—	—	0–5
b	3d–5p		opt1	—	C	—	—	2–5
Fe i 3d⁶4s^{2 5}D	AEL-S: 491 levels	AEL-M: 467 levelsⁱ
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	UV3	A	C	A	C	1–5, 0–4
Ib	3d–4p	opt–IR	UV3–IR	B	B	B	B	4–5, 1–5
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	C	C	C	C	>4, >2
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt1, 2	C	C	C	C	>4, >2
III	5s–5p	IR	IR	C	D	—	—	>6, >5
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	IR	IR	C	D	—	—	>6, >5
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>6, >6
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR	IR	D	D	—	—	>6, >6
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d		IR	—	D	—	—	—, >5
	4d–5d
VII	4p–6s, 7s		UV2		D	—	—	—, 4
	4p–5d, 6d		UV2		D	—	—	—, 4
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2	UV2	C	C	—	—	1, 0
b	3d–5p	opt2	UV2	C	C	—	—	4, 1
Co i 3d⁷4s^{2 4}F	AEL-S: 322 levels	AEL-M: 327 levels^j
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	UV3	A	C	A	C	0–3, 0–3
Ib	3d–4p	opt–IR	UV3–IR	A	B	A	B	3, 0–3
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	C	C	C	C	>4, >3
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt1	C	C	C	C	>4, >3
III	5s–5p
	5p–6s, 5p–5d			—	—	—	—	—
IV	4d–4f
V	4d–5p
	6s–6p, 5d–6p			—	—	—	—	—
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p			—	—	—	—	—
	5p–7s, 5p–6d			—	—	—	—	—
	4d–5d
VII	4p–6s, 7s
	4p–5d, 6d			—	—	—	—	—
VIIIa	4s–5p			—	—	—	—	—
b	3d–5p			—	—	—	—	—
Ni i 3d⁸4s^{2 3}F	AEL-S: 186 levels	AEL-M: 187 levels^k
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	UV3	A	C	A	C	0, 0–6
Ib	3d–4p	opt2	opt1, 2	A	B	A	B	2, 0
IIa	4p–4d	opt2	opt1	A	C	A	C	3–4, >3
IIb	4p–5s	opt3	opt1	A	C	A	C	3–4, >3
III	5s–5p	IR		A	—	—	—	5
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	IR		A	—	—	—	5
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—
V	4d–5p	IR		D	—	—	—	6
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		D	—	—	—	6
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d			—	—	—	—
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	opt1	UV3	C	D	—	—	3–4, >3
	4p–5d, 6d	opt1	UV3	C	D	—	—	3–4, >3
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV3		—	—	—	—	0
b	3d–5p	UV2		—	—	—	—	2

Group	Transition Arrays	Wavelength Region		State of Analysis		Presence in Multiplet Tables		Excitation Potential (eV) SE,DE

		SE	DE	SE	DE	SE	DE
Sc ii 3d4s³D	AEL-S: 165 levels	AEL-M: 54 levels^b
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	UV3	A	A	A	A	0, 1
Ib	3d–4p	opt1, 2	UV3	A	A	A	A	1–3, 0
IIa	4p–4d	UV3, opt1	UV3	A	A	A	—	3–4, 5–7
IIb	4p–5s	opt1	UV3	A	A	A	—	3–4, 5–7
III	5s–5p	opt3		A	—	—	—	7–8
III	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		A	—	—	—	7–8
IV	4d–4f	opt3		A	—	—	—	7–8
V	4d–5p	IR		A	—	—	—	>7
V	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		A	—	—	—	>7
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt1, 2		D	—	—	—	>7
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		D	—	—	—	3–4
VII	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		D	—	—	—	3–4
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		A	—	—	—	0
b	3d–5p	UV2		A	—	—	—	0–3
Ti ii 3d²4s⁴F	AEL-S: 203 levels	AEL-M: 123 levels^c
Ia	4s–4p	opt1	UV3	A	A	A	—	0–4,3
Ib	3d–4p	UV3, opt1	UV2, 3	A	A	A	D	0–4, 0–4
IIa	4p–4d	UV3		C	—	C	—	4–8, >6
IIb	4p–5s	opt1		C	—	C	—	4–8, >6
III	5s–5p	opt3		C	—	—	—	>8
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		C	—	—	—	>8
IV	4d–4f	opt2, 3		C	—	—	—	>8
V	4d–5p	IR		D	—	—	—	>8
	6s–6p,5d–6p	IR		D	—	—	—	>8
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d			—	—	—	—	>8
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		D	—	—	—	4, >6
	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		D	—	—	—	4, >6
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	0, 3
b	3d–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	0–4, 0–4
V ii 3d^{4 5}D	AEL-S: 323 levels	AEL-M: 221 1evels^d
Ia	4s–4p	UV3, opt1		A	—	A	—	0–6, >5
Ib	3d–4p	UV–IR	UV2	A	C	A	C	0–6, 0–6
IIa	4p–4d	UV3		C	—	D	—	4–10, >8
IIb	4p–5s	opt1		B	—	—	—	4–10, >8
III	5s–5p
	5p–6s, 5p–5d			—	—	—	—	>8
IV	4d–4f	opt2		C	—	—	—	>9
V	4d–5p	opt2		C	—	—	—	>9
	6s–6p, 5d–6p			—	—	—	—	>9
VI	5s–6p,4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–5d			—	—	—	—	>8
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s
	4p–5d, 6d			—	—	—	—	4–10
VIIIa	4s–5p			—	—	—	—	0, 5
b	3d–5p			—	—	—	—	0–6, 0–6
Cr ii 3d^{5 6}S	AEL-S: 733 levels	AEL-M: 2771evels^e
Ia	4s–4p	UV3, opt1	UV2	A	B	A	—	1–8, >7
Ib	3d–4p	UV to IR	UV2	A	B	A	—	0–6, 1–8
IIa	4p–4d	UV2		B	—	C	—	>6
IIb	4p–5s	UV2		B	—	C	—	>6
III	5s–5p	opt3		C	—	—	—	>10
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		C	—	—	—	>10
IV	4d–4f	opt2		C	—	—	—	M1
V	4d–5p	IR		C	—	—	—	>11
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		C	—	—	—	>11
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt1		C	—	—	—	>10
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		C	—	—	—	>6
	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		C	—	—	—	>6
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	1, 7
b	3d–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	0–6, 1–8
Mn ii 3d⁵4s⁷S	AEL-S: 510 levels	AEL-M: 302 levels^f
Ia	4s–4p	UV3	UV2	A	C	B	C	0–9, >7
Ib	3d–4p	UV–IR	UV2	A	B	A	B	2–7, 0–9
IIa	4p–4d	UV3		B	—	B	—	>4
IIb	4p–5s	UV3		B	—	B	—	>4
III	5s–5p	opt3		B	—	—	—	>9
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		B	—	—	—	>9
IV	4d–4f	opt2		C	—	C	—	>9
V	4d–5p	IR		B	—	—	—	>9
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		B	—	—	—	>9
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt1		C	—	D	—	>9
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		C	—	C	—	>4
	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		C	—	C	—	>4
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		B	—	C	—	0
b	3d–5p	UV2		C	—	C	—	0–4
Fe ii 3d⁶4s⁶D	AEL-S: 576 levels	AEL-M: 348 levels^g
Ia	4s–4p	UV3	UV2	A	B	A	C	0–7, 3–10
Ib	3d–4p	UV–IR	UV1, 2	A	B	A	D	0–6, 0–7
IIa	4p–4d	UV3	UV2	B	D	C	—	>5, >6
IIb	4p–5s	UV3	UV2	B	D	B	—	>5, >6
III	5s–5p	opt3		B	—	—	—	>10
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		B	—	—	—	>10
IV	4d–4f	opt2		C	—	—	—	>10
V	4d–5p	IR		B	—	—	—	>10
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		B	—	—	—	>10
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt1		D	—	—	—	>10
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		C	—	—	—	>5
	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		C	—	—	—	>5
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		B	—	—	—	0–7
b	3d–5p	UV2		B	—	—	—	0–6
Co ii 3d^{8 3}F	AEL-S: 256 levels	AEL-M: 84 levels^h
Ia	4s–4p	UV3		A	—	B	—	0–4
Ib	3d–4p	UV3	UV2	A	D	D	D	0–2, 0–4
IIa	4p–4d	UV2		C		—	—	6–11
IIb	4p–5s	UV2		B		D	—	6–11
III	5s–5p	opt3		C	—	—	—	>10
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		C	—	—	—	>10
IV	4d–4f			—	—	—	—	>11
V	4d–5p	IR		D	—	—	—	>10
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		D	—	—	—	>10
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt1		D	—	—	—	>10
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		D	—	—	—	>6
	4p–5d, 6d	UV2		D	—	—	—	>6
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	0–4
b	3d–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	0–2
Ni ii 3d^{9 2}D	AEL-S: 698 levels	AEL-M: 66 levelsⁱ
Ia	4s–4p	UV3	UV2	A	B	A	—	1–4, 6–11
Ib	3d–4p	UV2	UV1, 2	A	B	A	—	0,1–4
IIa	4p–4d	UV3		A	—	—	—	6–9
IIb	4p–5s	UV3		A	—	C	—	6–9
III	5s–5p	opt3		A	—	—	—	>11
	5p–6s, 5p–5d	opt3		A	—	—	—	>11
IV	4d–4f	opt2		A	—	—	—	>12
V	4d–5p	IR		C	—	—	—	>12
	6s–6p, 5d–6p	IR		C	—	—	—	>12
VI	5s–6p, 4d–6p
	5p–7s, 5p–6d	opt1		C	—	—	—	>11
	4d–5f
VII	4p–6s, 7s	UV2		C	—	—	—	6–9
	4p–5d,6d	UV2		C	—	—	—	6–9
VIIIa	4s–5p	UV2		C	—	—	—	1–4
b	3d–5p	UV1		C	—	—	—	0

Abstract

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Tables (3)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B