Abstract

We present a generalized model for optical refrigeration with ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ doped fluoride crystals in which the dopant concentration dependent upconversion is considered. Based on the spectrum properties of candidate rare-earth ions (${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{T}\mathrm{m}}^{3+}$, and ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$) for optical refrigeration, a common criterion for upconversion assisted cooling is derived. The cooling performances of ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}\text{:}{\mathrm{YLi}\mathrm{F}}_4$ crystals are simulated to reveal the practical dopant concentration range for cooling. It is found that the optimal dopant concentration is determined by a balancing consideration of heat loads induced by background absorption and fluorescence quenching. The appropriate pump wavelengths for optical refrigeration with ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}\text{:}{\mathrm{YLi}\mathrm{F}}_4$ crystals are also indicated.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

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