W. F. Krupke, M. D. Shinn, J. E. Marion, J. A. Caird, and S. E. Stokowski, "Spectroscopic, optical, and thermomechanical properties of neodymium- and chromium-doped gadolinium scandium gallium garnet," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3, 102-114 (1986)
Spectroscopic, optical, and thermomechanical properties of gadolinium scandium gallium garnet doped with trivalent neodymium and/or chromium are reported for use in the design of high-power solid-state lasers.
Marek Grinberg, Benedykt Kukliński, Krzysztof Wiśniewski, Czesław Koepke, Tadeusz Łukasiewicz, Jarosław Kisielewski, Marek Świrkowicz, and Andrzej Suchocki J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20(3) 577-584 (2003)
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
The edge length exposed to maximum tension in these specimens is 4 cm. σf is the mean strength, and SD is the standard deviation. The last two columns give the values for the strongest and weakest specimens in each group.
Fracture toughness,
, of the weakest plane.
Historically fracture data have been unreliable for comparative purposes because the measured strengths depend on surface condition and test variables.55 We chose fracture toughness as a basis for comparison such that the parameters that make up RT would all be intrinsic material properties. For illustrative purposes we converted Kc to an estimated strength using Eq. (28) and a flaw size of 2a = 50 μm, with the exception of strengthened GSGG, in which case we took an actual measured strength average of 2320 MPa for acid-etched GSGG (Table 6).
Strengthened.
Tables (10)
Table 1
Measured and Calculated Line Strengths of Nd3+ in GSGG (All Transitions Are from the 4I9/2J Manifold to the J Manifold Indicated)
J Manifold
(nm)
n
Smeas (10−20 cm2)
Svnalc (10−20 cm2)
4F3/2
880
1.948
0.58
0.72
4F5/2 + 2H9/2
805
1.951
2.41
2.23
4F7/2 + 4S3/2
750
1.954
2.09
2.23
4F9/2
680
1.959
0.18
0.15
2H11/2
625
1.965
0.003
0.04
4G5/2 + 2G17/2
585
1.969
1.92
1.93
2K13/2 + 4G7/2
532
1.978
0.78
0.68
4G9/2
515
1.981
0.51
0.27
2K15/2 + 2G19/2 + 2Dl3/2
480
1.989
0.21
0.14
4G11/2
460
1.994
0.15
0.13
2P1/2 + 2Dl5/2
430
2.004
0.07
0.09
2P3/2 + 2D3/2 + 4D3/2 + 4D5/2
357
2.041
1.31
1.47
2P3/2 + 4D7/2 + 2L17/2
333
2.061
0.34
0.04
Table 2
Judd–Ofelt Parameters and Predicted Optical Properties of Nd3+ in GSGG
Judd–Ofelt parameters
Ω2 = 0.35 × 10−20 cm2
Ω4 = 2.35 × 10−20 cm2
Ω6 = 3.23 × 10−20 cm2
Radiative lifetime
284 μsec
Branching ratios
β(4F9/2 → 4I9/2) = 0.39
β(4F3/2 → 4I11/2) = 0.51
β(4F3/2 → 4I13/2) = 0.10
Table 3
Principal Intermanifold and Inter-Stark Peak Transition Cross Sections of Nd:GSGG; Selected Peak Cross Section of Nd:YAG
The edge length exposed to maximum tension in these specimens is 4 cm. σf is the mean strength, and SD is the standard deviation. The last two columns give the values for the strongest and weakest specimens in each group.
Fracture toughness,
, of the weakest plane.
Historically fracture data have been unreliable for comparative purposes because the measured strengths depend on surface condition and test variables.55 We chose fracture toughness as a basis for comparison such that the parameters that make up RT would all be intrinsic material properties. For illustrative purposes we converted Kc to an estimated strength using Eq. (28) and a flaw size of 2a = 50 μm, with the exception of strengthened GSGG, in which case we took an actual measured strength average of 2320 MPa for acid-etched GSGG (Table 6).
Strengthened.