Optical properties of Nd3+- and Tb3+-doped KPb2Br5 and RbPb2Br5 with low nonradiative decay
Katja Rademaker, William F. Krupke, Ralph H. Page, Stephen A. Payne, Klaus Petermann, Guenter Huber, Alexander P. Yelisseyev, Ludmila I. Isaenko, Utpal N. Roy, Arnold Burger, Krishna C. Mandal, and Karel Nitsch
Katja Rademaker,*,1
William F. Krupke,1
Ralph H. Page,1
Stephen A. Payne,1
Klaus Petermann,2
Guenter Huber,2
Alexander P. Yelisseyev,3
Ludmila I. Isaenko,3
Utpal N. Roy,4
Arnold Burger,4
Krishna C. Mandal,5
and Karel Nitsch6
1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California 94550 USA
Katja Rademaker, William F. Krupke, Ralph H. Page, Stephen A. Payne, Klaus Petermann, Guenter Huber, Alexander P. Yelisseyev, Ludmila I. Isaenko, Utpal N. Roy, Arnold Burger, Krishna C. Mandal, and Karel Nitsch, "Optical properties of Nd3+- and Tb3+-doped KPb2Br5 and RbPb2Br5 with low nonradiative decay," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 2117-2129 (2004)
We report on the optical properties of and -doped low-phonon-energy moisture-resistant host crystals, potassium lead bromide and rubidium lead bromide including absorption, emission, and emission lifetime measurements as well as calculations of the multiphonon decay rate, Judd–Ofelt parameters, and radiative transition probabilities for relevant (laser) transitions in these crystals. The crystal is a promising candidate for long-wavelength infrared applications because of the low phonon frequencies and other favorable features.
Katja Rademaker, Ernst Heumann, Günter Huber, Stephen A. Payne, William F. Krupke, Ludmila I. Isaenko, and Arnold Burger Opt. Lett. 30(7) 729-731 (2005)
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Calculated Line Strengths S
of Induced Electric Dipole (ED) and of Magnetic Dipole (MD) Transitions, Spontaneous Emission Rates
and
Radiative Branching Ratios
and Radiative Lifetimes
for Relevant (Laser) Transitions in a Nd:KPB Crystala
Transition
λ (µm)
(s-1)
(s-1)
(ms)
1.85
0.09
0.00
25.9
0.0
0.003
0.126
1.35
0.62
0.00
483.7
0.0
0.061
1.07
1.92
0.00
3030.8
0.0
0.383
0.89
1.60
0.00
4365.0
0.0
0.552
9.87
1.58
0.34
2.1
0.4
0.000
1.56
0.68
0.00
230.4
0.0
0.023
1.19
2.32
0.00
1765.3
0.0
0.178
0.101
0.97
1.16
0.00
1652.4
0.0
0.167
0.82
2.67
0.00
6242.1
0.0
0.631
55.56
0.31
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.000
8.38
0.15
0.00
0.2
0.0
0.000
1.52
1.55
0.00
341.0
0.0
0.195
0.572
1.17
0.99
0.00
480.6
0.0
0.275
0.95
0.12
0.01
107.5
5.7
0.065
0.81
0.54
0.02
785.1
27.7
0.465
The electric dipole quantities are calculated with the following Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters:
and
Table 2b
Calculated Line Strengths S
of Induced Electric Dipole (ED) and of Magnetic Dipole (MD) Transitions, Spontaneous Emission Rates
and
Radiative Branching Ratios
and Radiative Lifetimes
for Relevant (Laser) Transitions in a Nd:RPB Crystala
Transition
λ (µm)
(s-1)
(s-1)
(ms)
1.85
0.07
0.00
19.4
0.0
0.002
0.115
1.35
0.53
0.00
362.9
0.0
0.042
1.07
2.11
0.00
2881.2
0.0
0.332
0.89
2.28
0.00
5405.1
0.0
0.624
9.87
0.52
0.34
0.6
0.4
0.000
1.56
0.59
0.00
172.8
0.0
0.016
1.19
2.71
0.00
1790.9
0.0
0.170
0.095
0.97
1.66
0.00
2054.0
0.0
0.195
0.82
3.23
0.00
6536.2
0.0
0.619
55.56
0.31
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.000
8.38
0.19
0.00
0.2
0.0
0.000
1.52
2.17
0.00
414.1
0.0
0.367
0.887
1.17
0.37
0.00
155.5
0.0
0.138
0.95
0.07
0.01
53.1
5.1
0.052
0.81
0.37
0.02
474.9
24.8
0.443
The electric dipole quantities are calculated with the following Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters:
and
Table 3
Radiative Branching Ratios for the
Level and the
Level in -doped MPB
crystalsa
The measured branching ratios
are determined from the emission spectra of Nd:MPB
The calculated branching ratios
are taken from the Judd–Ofelt calculations (Tables 2a and 2b) assuming statistically distributed populations in the case of the combined
levels and are designated in parantheses.
N/A, not available, measured
values have been corrected when we account for the calculated
and
quantities.
Table 4
Measured Decay Times
and Calculated Radiative Lifetimes
of the
Level and the
Level of a
Energy Level
Nd:KPB
Nd:RPB
Nd:KPC
145 (126)
119 (115)
255
124 (208)
126 (214)
2
For comparison, the decay times of
measured in the same experimental setup are shown. The longer lifetimes of the
level of the bromide samples compared with the chloride sample are due to the lower multiphonon decay rate.
Table 5
Calculated Line Strengths S
of Induced Electric Dipole (ED) Transitions and of Magnetic Dipole (MD) Transitions, Spontaneous Emission Rates
and
Radiative Branching Ratios
and Radiative Lifetimes
for Relevant (Laser) Transitions in a Tb:KPB Crystala
Transition
λ (µm)
(s-1)
(s-1)
4.9
4.72
0.73
25.2
3.7
1
34.6
7.9
2.35
1.12
3.6
1.7
0.066
12.5
3.0
2.72
0.00
74.9
0.0
0.934
10.3
1.93
1.23
1.8
1.1
0.025
4.5
1.86
0.00
20.5
0.0
0.178
8.7
2.3
1.19
0.00
92.0
0.0
0.797
These results are calculated with the following Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters:
and
Table 6
Decay Times of the
and
Levels of
for Six Different Samples Used in Our Study of Different
Concentrations
The
dopant concentration for samples 1 and 6 is determined by comparative absorption and the other samples are measured directly by the inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry technique.
Tables (7)
Table 1
Refractive Indices n
of MPB
λ (nm)
n
KPB
RPB
633
1500
4000
Table 2a
Calculated Line Strengths S
of Induced Electric Dipole (ED) and of Magnetic Dipole (MD) Transitions, Spontaneous Emission Rates
and
Radiative Branching Ratios
and Radiative Lifetimes
for Relevant (Laser) Transitions in a Nd:KPB Crystala
Transition
λ (µm)
(s-1)
(s-1)
(ms)
1.85
0.09
0.00
25.9
0.0
0.003
0.126
1.35
0.62
0.00
483.7
0.0
0.061
1.07
1.92
0.00
3030.8
0.0
0.383
0.89
1.60
0.00
4365.0
0.0
0.552
9.87
1.58
0.34
2.1
0.4
0.000
1.56
0.68
0.00
230.4
0.0
0.023
1.19
2.32
0.00
1765.3
0.0
0.178
0.101
0.97
1.16
0.00
1652.4
0.0
0.167
0.82
2.67
0.00
6242.1
0.0
0.631
55.56
0.31
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.000
8.38
0.15
0.00
0.2
0.0
0.000
1.52
1.55
0.00
341.0
0.0
0.195
0.572
1.17
0.99
0.00
480.6
0.0
0.275
0.95
0.12
0.01
107.5
5.7
0.065
0.81
0.54
0.02
785.1
27.7
0.465
The electric dipole quantities are calculated with the following Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters:
and
Table 2b
Calculated Line Strengths S
of Induced Electric Dipole (ED) and of Magnetic Dipole (MD) Transitions, Spontaneous Emission Rates
and
Radiative Branching Ratios
and Radiative Lifetimes
for Relevant (Laser) Transitions in a Nd:RPB Crystala
Transition
λ (µm)
(s-1)
(s-1)
(ms)
1.85
0.07
0.00
19.4
0.0
0.002
0.115
1.35
0.53
0.00
362.9
0.0
0.042
1.07
2.11
0.00
2881.2
0.0
0.332
0.89
2.28
0.00
5405.1
0.0
0.624
9.87
0.52
0.34
0.6
0.4
0.000
1.56
0.59
0.00
172.8
0.0
0.016
1.19
2.71
0.00
1790.9
0.0
0.170
0.095
0.97
1.66
0.00
2054.0
0.0
0.195
0.82
3.23
0.00
6536.2
0.0
0.619
55.56
0.31
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.000
8.38
0.19
0.00
0.2
0.0
0.000
1.52
2.17
0.00
414.1
0.0
0.367
0.887
1.17
0.37
0.00
155.5
0.0
0.138
0.95
0.07
0.01
53.1
5.1
0.052
0.81
0.37
0.02
474.9
24.8
0.443
The electric dipole quantities are calculated with the following Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters:
and
Table 3
Radiative Branching Ratios for the
Level and the
Level in -doped MPB
crystalsa
The measured branching ratios
are determined from the emission spectra of Nd:MPB
The calculated branching ratios
are taken from the Judd–Ofelt calculations (Tables 2a and 2b) assuming statistically distributed populations in the case of the combined
levels and are designated in parantheses.
N/A, not available, measured
values have been corrected when we account for the calculated
and
quantities.
Table 4
Measured Decay Times
and Calculated Radiative Lifetimes
of the
Level and the
Level of a
Energy Level
Nd:KPB
Nd:RPB
Nd:KPC
145 (126)
119 (115)
255
124 (208)
126 (214)
2
For comparison, the decay times of
measured in the same experimental setup are shown. The longer lifetimes of the
level of the bromide samples compared with the chloride sample are due to the lower multiphonon decay rate.
Table 5
Calculated Line Strengths S
of Induced Electric Dipole (ED) Transitions and of Magnetic Dipole (MD) Transitions, Spontaneous Emission Rates
and
Radiative Branching Ratios
and Radiative Lifetimes
for Relevant (Laser) Transitions in a Tb:KPB Crystala
Transition
λ (µm)
(s-1)
(s-1)
4.9
4.72
0.73
25.2
3.7
1
34.6
7.9
2.35
1.12
3.6
1.7
0.066
12.5
3.0
2.72
0.00
74.9
0.0
0.934
10.3
1.93
1.23
1.8
1.1
0.025
4.5
1.86
0.00
20.5
0.0
0.178
8.7
2.3
1.19
0.00
92.0
0.0
0.797
These results are calculated with the following Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters:
and
Table 6
Decay Times of the
and
Levels of
for Six Different Samples Used in Our Study of Different
Concentrations
The
dopant concentration for samples 1 and 6 is determined by comparative absorption and the other samples are measured directly by the inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry technique.