In LiNbO3 at light intensities above 106 W/m2 much stronger refractive index changes can be induced, as expected from measurements at low intensities. Most experimental data have been published on iron-doped LiNbO3 crystals. We propose a two-center charge-transport model for LiNbO3:Fe that describes most results at low and high intensities quantitatively. It explains the intensity dependence of steady-state refractive index changes and enhanced holographic sensitivities at high light intensities as well as the presence of light-induced absorption changes.
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Predictions of the two-center model are obtained assuming the usual cw intensities I (≤103 W/m2) and the parameters given in Tables 1 and 2. Values at λ = 488 nm and λ = 515 nm are partly used for extrapolation of model parameters (Table 2) to λ = 532 nm.
Holographic sensitivity Sl, photoconductivity σ0, saturation value Δnso of ordinary refractive index changes, and photovoltaic coefficient κFe = β311*.
Tables (3)
Table 1
Total Iron Concentrations cFe = NFe and Fe2+ Contents cFe2+ = NFe − NC of the Investigated LiNbO3:Fe Crystalsa
Predictions of the two-center model are obtained assuming the usual cw intensities I (≤103 W/m2) and the parameters given in Tables 1 and 2. Values at λ = 488 nm and λ = 515 nm are partly used for extrapolation of model parameters (Table 2) to λ = 532 nm.
Holographic sensitivity Sl, photoconductivity σ0, saturation value Δnso of ordinary refractive index changes, and photovoltaic coefficient κFe = β311*.